Are you no stranger to the discomfort of 'heartburn' after a meal, wondering why this keeps happening? This discomfort may be an indicator of a common gastrointestinal condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), better known as acid reflux.

Acid reflux is a frequently occurring condition affecting a large number of people globally. But to identify the causes of acid reflux, we must first comprehend what it is.

Acid reflux transpires when the LES (Lower Esophageal Sphincter)–the muscular valve where the esophagus joins the stomach–loses its tightness, causing the stomach’s acid to flow back up into the esophagus. This reflux of stomach acid agitates and damages the lining of the esophagus and can create a burning pain known as 'heartburn.'

So, if you're thinking about the causes of acid reflux, remember that the primary cause is the abnormal functioning of the LES. But this condition can be aggravated by numerous additional factors.

Further causes are certain food and drink. Consuming hard-to-digest foods, fatty or greasy meals, spicy foods, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol can bring about an episode of acid reflux. Smoking is another major perpetrator as it can hamper the operation of the LES.

Overeating or eating too much at one time, especially before bedtime, can also greatly contribute to the occurrence of acid reflux. Moreover, obesity and pregnancy are also known to increase the risk of GERD.

Further potential triggers can encompass certain medications, including aspirin and certain muscle relaxants. Stress can also impact the incidence of acid reflux, whilst not a direct cause, high levels of stress may stimulate behaviors that can trigger acid reflux.

In summary, the primary culprit behind acid reflux is an ill-functioning LES. However, many other factors can increase the severity and frequency of this condition. Knowing these triggers can certainly assist in the prevention and efficient alleviation here of this discomforting disorder.